Archive for September, 2008

Binge Eating Disorder (Compulsive Overeating)

Monday, September 29th, 2008

People with Binge Eating Disorder binge uncontrollably on large amounts of food—sometimes thousands of calories at a time—but do not purge the calories after they are consumed.

Criteria

  • Binge-Eating: on a regular basis
  • Strange Eating Patterns: eating rapidly, when not hungry, when alone, and/or till uncomfortably full
  • Self-Hatred: feeling distress, disgust, guilt and/or depression about the binges

Warning Signs

  • Frequent overeating, especially when distressed
  • Bingeing on high calorie, sweet foods
  • Being secretive about binges, eating alone
  • Feeling out of control when eating
  • Depression and guilt

For more information on Binge Eating, click here

Bulimia Medical Complications

Monday, September 22nd, 2008

When a person engages in Bulimia, they binge on huge quantities of food, then purge the food from their bodies. Both of these activities are extremely hard on the human body, since it was never meant to consume that volume of food or experience such a high level of self-induced vomiting. What’s more, laxative abuse often occurs. If these behaviors are practiced over a long period of time, certain medical complications will probably result. These include:

Injury to the esophagus.

Repeated vomiting causes Acid and bile from the stomach to irritate and inflame the lining of the esophagus causing a condition known as esophagitis. This is sometimes severe enough to cause scarring and narrowing. In fact, this passageway may become so narrow that food may no longer be able to pass through. Vomiting can also cause tears in the lining of the esophagus. These tears may bleed a great deal or cause the esophagus to actually rupture. This life-threatening condition requires immediate surgery.

Injury to the stomach.

Binge eating and frequent vomiting commonly causes gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining.

Injury to the intestines.

Laxative abuse is harmful in several ways: it upsets the body’s mineral balance; it leads to dehydration; it damages the lining of the digestive tract; and it burns out the colon. This damage to the muscle and nerves often causes severe constipation.

Lung damage.

Self-induced vomiting often leads to aspiration of food particles, gastric acid, and bacteria from the stomach into the lungs. This can result in pneumonia.

Severe Kidney and heart complications.

Fasting, vomiting and other forms of purging result in loss of fluid and crucial minerals from the body. Chronic dehydration and low potassium levels can lead to kidney stones and even kidney failure. Frequent vomiting leads to high alkali levels in the blood and body tissues. This may cause weakness, constipation and fatigue. Severe alkalosis and potassium deficiency can lead to an uneven heart rate or sudden death.

Injury to the skin and teeth.

Most over-the-counter laxatives contain phenolphthalein, which may cause sores and brown or gray spots on the skin. Chronic vomiting increases the acidity of the mouth and results in erosion of the teeth’s’ enamel and dentin.

If you or someone you know is struggling with Bulimia, please call Remuda Programs at 1-800-445-1900.

Hazards of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Monday, September 22nd, 2008

Several physical complications are associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Many of these problems are caused by behavior aimed toward controlling body weight in an unhealthy manner, and most of these problems resolve once eating habits and weight have returned to normal.

Effects of binge-purge behavior:

  • Injury to the esophagus (the tube connecting the mouth and stomach) can result from repeated vomiting. Acid and bile from the stomach irritates and inflames the membrane that lines the esophagus causing a condition known as esophagitis, which is sometimes severe enough to cause scarring and narrowing. This passageway may become so narrow that it is difficult for food to pass through. The physical stress of vomiting can cause tears in the lining of the esophagus. These tears may bleed massively or cause the esophagus to rupture. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate surgery.
  • Injury to the stomach may occur due to binge eating. Frequent vomiting commonly causes gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining. Also, eating a large meal very rapidly, combined with slower emptying of food from the stomach, on very rare occasions, may cause the stomach to rupture, causing death from peritonitis.
  • Injury to the intestines, particularly the colon, commonly results from laxative abuse. Damage to the muscle and nerves causes loss of normal movement.
  • Lung complications occur when self-induced vomiting leads to aspiration of food particles, gastric acid, and bacteria from the stomach into the lungs, producing pneumonia.
  • Kidney and heart complications are often severe. Fasting, vomiting and other forms of purging result in loss of fluid and crucial minerals from the body. Chronic dehydration and low potassium levels can lead to kidney stones and even kidney failure. Frequent vomiting leads to high alkali levels in the blood and body tissues. This may cause weakness, constipation and fatigue. Severe alkalosis and potassium deficiency can lead to an uneven heart rate or sudden death.
  • Injury to the skin occurs in various ways. Most over-the-counter laxatives contain phenolphthalein, which may cause sores in the skin and hyperpigmentation (brown or gray spots). Excessive and forceful vomiting may result in hemorrhages in the blood vessels in the eye.
  • Injury to the teeth is quite common. Chronic vomiting increases the acidity of the mouth and results in erosion of the teeth’s’ enamel and dentin.

Laxatives may seem to move food through the body more rapidly and may relieve abdominal distention after bingeing, but they do not prevent the calories in the food from being absorbed. The temporary weight loss that is seen after using laxatives is mostly due to loss of water and minerals in the bowel movement, and will be naturally regained. Misuse of laxatives is harmful in several ways: they upset your body’s mineral balance; they lead to dehydration; they damage the digestive tract lining; and they burn out your colon, so that you may experience severe constipation when you don’t use them.

Diuretics, or water pills, increase urine excretion and can cause a sudden weight loss. A person who fails to distinguish between loss of body fat and loss of water may see this as a desirable effect and start using diuretics to lose weight. But because the only loss induced is water, the only gain is dehydration. In addition to causing dehydration, diuretics are also dangerous because they can increase the loss of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc. They can also cause a rebound retention of salt and water, making your body more sensitive to diet changes.

Ipecac syrup, which is taken to induce vomiting, has been linked to deaths of several patients with eating disorders. Emetine, the active ingredient, can build up in tissue and cause muscle or heart weakness. Ipecac is toxic, whether taken as a single large dose or as small dose that can build up over time.

Diet pills are often taken to help with weight loss. The best-known prescription pills are Dexedrine and Benzedrine, but over-the-counter drugs are also misused. These reduce appetite, but only temporarily. Typically the appetite returns to normal after a week or two, the lost weight is regained, and the user then has the problem of trying to get off the drug without gaining more weight. Warning: these drugs are of little use in achieving and maintaining weight loss and can become dangerously addicting and cause abnormal heart rhythms that can be fatal.

Fad diets promise rapid weight loss but actually encourage unhealthy dietary habits. They prey on the dieter’s wish for quick results with little effort or make the diet seem exciting because the types of combinations of foods consumed are different from those normally eaten. People are attracted to such diets because of the dramatic weight loss (mostly water) brought about within a few days. Unfortunately, such quick weight-loss schemes do not help the body lose fat or provide the nutrients that are required to keep the body in optimal health.

Starvation symptoms include:

  • Preoccupation with food
  • Impaired concentration
  • Indecisiveness
  • Mood swings
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Social isolation
  • Loss of control when food is available
  • Depression
  • Depressed immune system
  • Reduced energy expenditure
  • Water retention
  • Binge eating
  • Osteoporosis
  • Fluid and mineral abnormalities
  • Constipation due to low calories and fiber intake
  • Slower emptying of food from the stomach, which can cause bloating and early satiety during a meal
  • Modified sense of taste, leading to changes in appetite
  • High cholesterol levels (This does not signify a cholesterol problem and does not warrant a low-cholesterol diet)
  • Amenorrhea, related to overall malnutrition

The dieting cycle – You probably know someone who claims to have tried every diet known, but still can’t lose excess weight. The fad diets have backfired and he or she is caught in the dieting cycle. For example, a woman may go on a quick weight-loss diet and boast of losing seven pounds in two days. However, at best she has lost a pound or two of fat and five or six pounds of water, muscle and minerals. When she stops her diet, her body retains the needed water and minerals. Weight lost as muscle is frequently regained as fat. Over time, her body is composed of less muscle and more fat, even if her weight remains unchanged. Since fat tissue requires less energy to maintain itself than does muscle tissue, her basal metabolic rate decreases and caloric needs actually become less – and she must eat even less in order to lose weight! This makes the next dieting cycle increasingly difficult. This “yo-yo” weight loss and gain that results from fad diets is very stressful for the body, which finds it hard to adjust to such rapid changes.

In addition to the physical stress, this dieting cycle is psychologically stressful, and often leads to alternate bingeing and fasting behavior. When the woman goes off her quick weight-loss diet and regains weight, she becomes depressed and feels that she has failed again. To ward off these feelings of depressions, she may overeat or binge. This is followed by feelings of guilt or remorse for having “lost control” and she again fasts to regain control or to punish herself and to lose weight. The cycle of fasting and bingeing continues, and a pattern of healthy eating and exercise is lost.

If someone you know is struggling with Anorexia or Bulimia, please contact Remuda Ranch today at 1-800-445-1900

Anorexia Diagnosis

Monday, September 15th, 2008

A full ten million women and girls in the United States suffer from anorexia and bulimia. These food-related illnesses are devastating to a person’s body and are often accompanied by related behavioral health issues such as depression or anxiety. Because anorexia nervosa is psychiatric, not just physical, in nature, diagnosis is not as easy to make as with someone who has a disease like diabetes. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, certain criteria must be present, in order for the determination of anorexia to be made. These conditions include:

Low Body Weight

The key number to keep in mind is 85%. If the individual is at 85% or less of what would be considered a normal body weight for her height and age, a problem likely exists. This concern would be amplified if she also refused to gain additional weight, to bring her weight up to what would be considered medically normal.

Weight Phobia

This is characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight. These individuals are terribly afraid of becoming fat, or even think they are fat, even though that is clearly not the case. It is often very difficult for people with this type of phobia to actually consume food, no less, gain weight.

Body Image Issues

Body image is how a person sees themselves; how they experience their own weight or shape. This view of themselves has an undue influence on self-evaluation, meaning an adolescent could be a good student, outgoing, great at sports, but all she can focus on, all she seems to care about, is the size of her “fat” thighs. This is usually accompanied by a denial of the seriousness of her low body weight.

Amenorrhea

This medical condition is loss of the menstrual period. Amenorrhea is present when a female, who has already achieved puberty, quits menstruating for at least three months. In this situation, the only way she can have a period is through the administration of hormones.

If you have a friend or family member who may have anorexia, the more information you can obtain, the better. Many articles with excellent content have been written on the topic and are available on the internet.

Because eating disorders are diseases, treatment is usually required. Outpatient services are available at centers throughout the country and are often quite effective. However, if progress isn’t made, inpatient treatment is recommended. Since 1990, Remuda Programs for Eating Disorders has treated nearly 8,000 women and girls. Remuda Ranch offers three distinct programs for children, adolescent girls and adults in Arizona and Virginia. These programs have an unparalleled recovery rate of 95% over one, five and ten years.

For additional information about eating disorders, or the diverse programs offered by Remuda Ranch, please call 1-800-445-1900 today.

Battling Bulimia

Saturday, September 13th, 2008

When my therapist recommended inpatient treatment, I stopped seeing him. I was certainly not “that sick”. If I could find happiness, my bulimia would go away.

My parents were healthcare professionals who gave us a great home, love and many advantages growing up, but there were unspoken high expectations.

My brother, sister and I were high achieving, straight-A students. The “perfect” family outwardly, my spirit was wounded when I did not receive the time and attention I needed from my well-intentioned father. Unknowingly, I was developing a strong hunger for male attention that would later cause me grief. In high school I excelled in sports, and that became the key to my individuality and identity, creating a limelight that did not include my siblings.

My goal was playing volleyball at a well-known NCAA championship college. A knee injury during my freshman year crushed my dreams of becoming a college star—much less an Olympic player. I don’t remember when it started, but soon I was telling myself regularly: “You don’t deserve to eat because you aren’t exercising.” I could find no other identity beyond sports that allowed me to accept myself. In four months I dropped from 184 lbs. to 127 lbs., which, when combined with my height of 6’ 3”, gave me a very thin, model-like appearance. The appreciative way that men looked at me was new and exciting. With all the comments about my weight loss, I felt a sense of achievement and power. I received modeling offers and enjoyed the admiring looks men gave me when I wore my swimsuit. Finally, I was receiving the attention from men that I had longed for. Perhaps I didn’t need my father’s attention after all! I had again found an individuality and identity that provided the limelight I desperately needed to feel good about myself.

Soon, unable to maintain the demented discipline of my self-imposed starvation, and yet needing desperately to keep my new identity, I began to binge…and ultimately to purge. I remember vividly the first time I ate sugar after those four months of starvation. Our family gathered at a traditional July 4 celebration with friends. After allowing myself a piece of the red, white and blue cake, I shamefully ended up in the pantry finishing off the cake. When I returned to college in August, my eating was still out of control. Shame and the fear of growing fat in front of my peers caused me to start lying to those I loved in order to protect myself. At the end of the semester I decided to transfer to another college because I felt I would be “safe” being an unknown. I deceived my parents by telling them that I was no longer interested in the NCAA championship college if I couldn’t play volleyball. In truth, if I made new friends now, they wouldn’t compare how I looked when I was thin to “fat” me. My fear made me an expert at isolation. Food became my only friend and comfort during those years of isolation.

Graduation from college was to be followed by medical school, but the idea of failing caused me to run again. I moved to a breathtakingly beautiful little town in the mountains where I could enjoy nature’s beauty. This offered a temporary peace from the dark and lonely path my life was taking. Working as a waitress at a ski lodge forced me out of my isolation and into a world of drugs, bulimia and promiscuity. The addictions crept up on me so slowly that I didn’t realize I was trapped. The ongoing search for my father’s attention led me into many affairs that left deep scars. Guilt and depression overwhelmed me.

I took as many as 60 laxatives three or four nights a week. Many nights were spent in the bathtub because I was so sick that I would “mess” my bed before I could get to the bathroom. By this time my knee was healed, and I found a new passion (and purge): mountain biking and hiking. Outwardly I was a picture of health, but inside I was slowly dying. Due to my height, I was easily remembered by people, which only served to deepen my pain. I felt they only noticed that I didn’t look as good as when I was last seen. I avoided family holidays because my fear of appearing fatter or less attractive led to increased laxative abuse. I habitually called in sick to work and concocted a story about having a disease caused by drinking stream water. My size and demeanor intimidated most people, so few would confront my behavior, and I became skillful at intimidation, deception and manipulation. The only person who confronted me regularly and without fear was my mother, so she became the focus of my increasing anger. Pain and fear became my new identity. The inevitability of hospitalization grew as my pain became unbearable, and I began to accept that my body and life were endangered. Frightened and desperate, I told my parents I needed help.

Five painful months after my therapist’s confrontation, I admitted my powerlessness and entered inpatient treatment. I found the structure that I needed to begin the recovery process. I lacked the discipline in an outpatient setting to even complete the assignments my therapist gave me. Discussing my issues and the resulting emotions always helped…while I was in his office. I left each visit with renewed hope and conviction but continued to run into an abyss of bulimia, alcohol, pot and men to numb the pain. Frustration diminished my hope and the feeling of helplessness worsened. The inpatient treatment setting provided the time, safety and accountability I needed to slow down and begin the recovery process. I learned to trust staff and had time to test relationships. It was important to be in treatment with other eating disordered women. At first, though, I told myself that I wasn’t as sick as they were or my problems weren’t as bad as theirs. However, bold, loving confrontations by staff and peers forced me to face my pain, and I learned about trusting, intimacy and vulnerability. The structured environment and common disease etiology provided an atmosphere in which I could see my pain in their suffering as their insight helped me with my memory work. The very ill patients among us, with their emaciated bodies and diminished lives from their eating disorders, scared me and got my attention. Before treatment I wished that someone would control my food, but in treatment I hated that control for which I had longed. I know now how important it was to my recovery.

I was in treatment long enough to begin to recreate my family dynamics with staff and peers—a very important piece of my treatment experience. As I began to experience my triggers, I was unable to run to my bulimia or other unhealthy coping mechanisms. Inner growth began as I endured the emotions…hurt…and began to problem-solve. Success at problem solving led to contentment and victory over the triggers. That feeling of contentment gave me courage to carry out the new coping skills I was learning. Only in this structured setting, did I feel safe enough to risk this growth.

I believe that without hospitalization I would not be in recovery today. The program I entered had a spiritual component, which was very important to me. The focused Christian approach provided consistent input from staff. I learned to transfer the trust I had in them to God. The recognition of my powerlessness and my need for a relationship with God is the basis of my recovery.

Warning signals of an eating disorder include: isolation, compulsivity, many trips to the bathroom, frequent illness, weight fluctuation, inappropriate focus on exercise and food, and an inability to maintain intimacy in relationships. If you think you have an eating disorder, consult a professional. Without treatment, it will never go away.

Four years later, I am happily married with a beautiful daughter and another one on the way. For a time, I worked as an advocate for patients with their insurance companies in the same program where I was once a patient. I understand that life is a path strewn with challenges, achievements and failures. But failure is often the foundation for great successes! I now know what it means to be healthy and successful—and it has nothing to do with being thin!

For additional information about Remuda Ranch Eating Disorder Programs, please call 1-800-445-1900 today.